Linfen city is rich in mineral resources, with 45 types identified, including three energy minerals, 12 metal minerals, 28 non-metallic minerals, and two water and gas minerals. Minerals such as coal, iron, gypsum, limestone, dolomite, bentonite, granite, marble, oil shale, and refractory clay hold importance both provincially and nationally.

Coal is the city's largest mineral resource, with proven reserves totaling 48.33 billion metric tons as of the end of 2022. Key types include prime coking coal, gas-fat coal, lean coal, and anthracite, with Xiangning county recognized as one of China's three major prime coking coal bases, featuring thick, shallow, and easily minable coal seams.

Iron ore ranks as Linfen's second-largest mineral resource, with proven reserves of 230 million tons as of the end of 2022. Gypsum reserves totaled 520 million tons by late 2022. Bentonite is distributed in Yonghe county, Daning county, and Jixian county in Linfen. As of the end of 2022, the city had proven coalbed methane reserves of 91.03 billion cubic meters and tight sandstone gas reserves of 137.02 billion cu m.

In 2023, Linfen's industrial enterprises above a designated size (those with more than 20 million yuan in business revenue) produced 85.39 million tons of raw coal, accounting for 6.2 percent of the province's total. Coke output reached 13.33 million tons, comprising 13.9 percent of Shanxi province's total, while crude steel production stood at 12.48 million tons, contributing 19.8 percent to Shanxi's output.